Jan. 22 class

Simple sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and no dependent clauses.

·         My aunt enjoyed taking the hayride with you.

·         China's Han Dynasty marked an official recognition of Confucianism.

Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses but no dependent clauses.

·         The clown frightened the little girl, and she ran off screaming.

·         The Freedom Riders departed on May 4, 1961;they were determined to travel through many southern states.

Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

·         After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short

·         While all of his paintings are fascinating, Hieronymus Bosch's triptychs, full of mayhem and madness, are the real highlight of his art.

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

·         Catch-22 is widely regarded as Joseph Heller's best novel, and because Heller served in World War II, which the novel satirizes, the zany but savage wit of the novel packs an extra punch.

Practice

Write a sentence that will complete the following statements. Pay attention to the meaning of each conjunction.

1.  The life of an immigrant or international student in the U.S. is difficult,

yet they keep coming to our country.

2.  The students in the psychology class must pass all the tests,

and they must complete all assignments to  the teachers satisfaction.

3.  I have always enjoyed studying languages, so I decided to get a degree.

Complete the following sentences. 

1.  The term began three weeks ago, and

____________________________________________________________________

2.  I didn’t attend class on Monday, for

____________________________________________________________________

3.  Some students have been complaining about the amount of homework, yet they are not here.

____________________________________________________________________

4.  I slacked off in high school so lay off me.

____________________________________________________________________

5.  After I finish learning varieties of sentences,  my writing will improve.

____________________________________________________________________

Complete the sentences with your own words.

1.  Some people really enjoy swimming; on the other hand.....

____________________________________________________________________

2.  My apartment always seems to be a mess; however, ...

____________________________________________________________________

3.  Marge doesn’t have a lot of friends.  Carol, on the other hand,  ...

____________________________________________________________________

4.  I wanted to go to Hawaii on vacation; instead,

____________________________________________________________________

5.  Mike thinks I’m a bad driver.  In fact,

______________________________________________________________________

Exercise : Commas after Introductions Exercise 1

A. If the following sentences are correctly punctuated with introductory commas, mark a C on the line to the left of the sentence. If there is an error, put an X on the line and circle the error. Do you know why each sentence is correct or incorrect?
____ 1. As the boat turned, about a dozen dolphins began to follow it.
____ 2. Since we moved into town, our fuel bill has tripled.
____ 3. Having chosen nursing as a career, Susan enrolled in many science courses.
____ 4. Usually, I have time to eat breakfast.
____ 5. From outside the twelve-mile fishing limits off the coast of Maine, a strange phenomenon has been reported.
____ 6. When he was in high school, he was known only as an athlete.
____ 7. Before you decide what courses to take, you should consider the amount of work you are willing to do.
____ 8. Nevertheless, I do not want to meet him.


B. Add introductory commas where they are needed in the following sentences. Can you identify whether the introductory element, if any, is a clause, phrase, or word? If it is a phrase, what kind of phrase is it?
____ 1. To give Jane a good look at the university Mr. Benson drove up for the Day on Campus.
____ 2. Since the dog had started to run a way we had to scramble to catch him.
____ 3. Of course the movie that I had rushed to see didn't start on time.
____ 4. Her secondhand car was in excellent condition when she bought it.
____ 5. As I mentioned the rules can be broken occasionally.
____ 6. Having decided to eat only natural foods he had to give up all of his favorite junk food snacks.
____ 7. To estimate the costs he consulted a repairman by phone.
____ 8. To succeed in politics is not necessarily desirable.
____ 9. Making up his mind quickly Jared ordered lasagna while we were still reading the menu.
____ 10. However he tried to use the bottle opener it wouldn't work.
C. Write your own sentences with introductory elements, and punctuate them correctly.
1. After ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. To save ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. If ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Often __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Hearing ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Answer : Commas after Introductions Exercise 1

A. If the following sentences are correctly punctuated with introductory commas, mark a C on the line to the left of the sentence. If there is an error, put an X on the line and circle the error. Do you know why each sentence is correct or incorrect? Correct responses are in bold.

_X_ 1. As the boat turned about a dozen dolphins began to follow it.

missing comma after introductory clause ending with turned

_C_ 2. Since we moved into town, our fuel bill has tripled.

correct use of comma after introductory clause

_X_ 3. Having chosen nursing as a career Susan enrolled in many science courses.

missing comma after introductory participial phrase ending with career

_C_ 4. Usually, I have time to eat breakfast.

correct use of comma after introductory adverb

_C_ 5. From outside the twelve-mile fishing limits off the coast of Maine, a strange phenomenon has been reported.

correct use of comma after combination of prepositional phrases

_X_ 6. When he was in high school he was known only as an athlete.

missing comma after introductory clause ending with school

_C_ 7. Before you decide what courses to take, you should consider the amount of work you are willing to do.

correct use of comma after introductory clause

_X_ 8. Nevertheless I do not want to meet him.

missing comma after introductory transitional word Nevertheless
B. Add introductory commas where they are needed in the following sentences. Can you identify whether the introductory element, if any, is a clause, phrase, or word? If it is a phrase, what kind of phrase is it?
____ 1. To give Jane a good look at the university, Mr. Benson drove up for the Day on Campus.
____ 2. Since the dog had started to run a way, we had to scramble to catch him.
____ 3. Of course, the movie that I had rushed to see didn't start on time.
__X__ 4. Her secondhand car was in excellent condition when she bought it.
____ 5. As I mentioned, the rules can be broken occasionally.
____ 6. Having decided to eat only natural foods, he had to give up all of his favorite junk food snacks.
____ 7. To estimate the costs, he consulted a repairman by phone.
__X__ 8. To succeed in politics is not necessarily desirable.
____ 9. Making up his mind quickly Jared ordered lasagna while we were still reading the menu.
__X__ 10. However he tried to use the bottle opener it wouldn't work.
C. Write your own sentences with introductory elements, and punctuate them correctly.
Answers will vary.